ar X iv :q ua nt -p h/ 00 02 07 7v 3 1 3 A pr 2 00 0 The Physical Implementation of Quantum Computation David P. DiVincenzo IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598 USA (February 1, 2008) After a brief introduction to the principles and promise of quantum information processing, the requirements for the physical implementation of quantum computation are discussed. These five requirements, plus two relating to the communication of quantum information, are extensively ex- plored and related to the many schemes in atomic physics, quantum optics, nuclear and electron magnetic resonance spectroscopy, superconducting electronics, and quantum-dot physics, for achiev- ing quantum computing. I. INTRODUCTION ∗ The advent of quantum information processing, as an abstract concept, has given birth to a great deal of new thinking, of a very concrete form, about how to create physical computing devices that operate in the hitherto unexplored q
