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摘要(Abstract)

数字签名(又称公钥数字签名)是一种类似写在纸上的普通的物理签名,但是使用了公钥加密领域的技术实现,用于鉴别数字信息的方法。一套数字签名通常定义两种互补的运算,一个用于签名,另一个用于验证。 数字签名,就是只有信息的发送者才能产生的别人无法伪造的一段数字串,这段数字串同时也是对信息的发送者发送信息真实性的一个有效证明。 数字签名是非对称密钥加密技术与数字摘要技术的应用。数字签名的文件的完整性是很容易验证的(不需要骑缝章,骑缝签名,也不需要笔迹专家),而且数字签名具有不可抵赖性(不可否认性)。 简单地说,所谓数字签名就是附加在数据单元上的一些数据,或是对数据单元所作的密码变换。这种数据或变换允许数据单元的接收者用以确认数据单元的来源和数据单元的完整性并保护数据,防止被人(例如接收者)进行伪造。它是对电子形式的消息进行签名的一种方法,一个签名消息能在一个通信网络中传输。基于公钥密码体制和私钥密码体制都可以获得数字签名,主要是基于公钥密码体制的数字签名。包括普通数字签名和特殊数字签名。普通数字签名算法有RSA、ElGamal、Fiat-Shamir、Guillou- Quisquarter、Schnorr、Ong-Schnorr-Shamir数字签名算法、Des/DSA,椭圆曲线数字签名算法和有限自动机数字签名算法等。特殊数字签名有盲签名、代理签名、群签名、不可否认签名、公平盲签名、门限签名、具有消息恢复功能的签名等,它与具体应用环境密切相关。显然,数字签名的应用涉及到法律问题,美国联邦政府基于有限域上的离散对数问题制定了自己的数字签名标准(DSS)。

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