The World Is Built on Probability JI. B. Tapacoa MOP, nocrpoeunsni Ha BepoHTHoCTH MocKBa «npOCBeIQeHHe» Levfarasov TheWorld . Is uilton ro ability TheWorld . 5 uilton -I-rn ~ " Translated from the Russian by Michael Burov Firs t published 1988 Revised from the 1984 Russian edition H a aHZ/lUUCKOM J13bl Ke Preface I!~, • ~ (, • • • • ", ,~ ,'" ~~:~.... ...In nature, where chance also seems to reign, we have long ago demonstrated in each particular field the inherent necessity and regularity that asserts itself in this chance. " F. Engels 1\ vust concourse of events and phenomena occur in the world around 1111, The events are interrelated: some are effects or outcomes of others wIII1'h are, in turn, the causes of still others.' Gazing into this gigantic whirlpool of interrelated phenomena, we can come to two significant Iuuclusions. One is that there are both completely determined (uniquely dl'lincd) outcomes and ambiguous outcomes. While the former can be
