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你的Android面试备忘录 - Android面试问题
高级语言： Java
项目地址: git://github.com/MindorksOpenSource/android-interview-questions.git
创建时间： 2017-07-09T18:47:24Z
项目社区：https://github.com/MindorksOpenSource/android-interview-questions
开源协议：Apache License 2.0
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Android Interview Questions

Android Interview Questions and Answers

Android Interview Questions and Answers - Your Cheat Sheet For Android Interview

Prepared and maintained by Amit Shekhar - Coder | Teacher | Mentor | Open Source | IIT 2010-14

About me

Hi, I am Amit Shekhar, Co-Founder @ Outcome School • IIT 2010-14 • I have taught and mentored many developers, and their efforts landed them high-paying tech jobs, helped many tech companies in solving their unique problems, and created many open-source libraries being used by top companies. I am passionate about sharing knowledge through open-source, blogs, and videos.

You can connect with me on:

Join Outcome School and get high paying tech job: Outcome School

Contents - Android Interview Questions

Android Interview Questions and Answers Playlist

Kotlin Coroutines

Topics you should know in Kotlin Coroutines for Android Interview:

  • coroutines
  • suspend
  • launch, async-await, withContext
  • dispatchers
  • scope, context, job
  • lifecycleScope, viewModelScope, GlobalScope
  • suspendCoroutine, suspendCancellableCoroutine
  • coroutineScope, supervisorScope

Learn the above-mentioned from the following links:

Kotlin Flow API

Topics you should know in Kotlin Flow API for Android Interview:

  • Flow Builder, Operator, Collector
  • flowOn, dispatchers
  • Operators such as filter, map, zip, flatMapConcat, retry, debounce, distinctUntilChanged, flatMapLatest
  • Terminal operators
  • Cold Flow vs Hot Flow
  • StateFlow, SharedFlow, callbackFlow, channelFlow

Learn the above-mentioned from the following links:

Kotlin

Android Interview Questions and Answers:

Android

Android Interview Questions and Answers:

Base

Activity and Fragment

  • Why is it recommended to use only the default constructor to create a Fragment? - Learn from video and blog

  • What is Activity and its lifecycle? - Learn from here

  • What is the difference between onCreate() and onStart() - Learn from here

  • When only onDestroy is called for an activity without onPause() and onStop()? - Learn from here

  • Why do we need to call setContentView() in onCreate() of Activity class? - Learn from here

  • What is onSaveInstanceState() and onRestoreInstanceState() in activity? - Learn from here

  • What is Fragment and its lifecycle? - Learn from here

  • What are “launchMode”? - Learn from here and singleTask launchMode in Android

  • What is the difference between a Fragment and an Activity? Explain the relationship between the two. - Learn from here

  • When should you use a Fragment rather than an Activity?

    • When you have some UI components to be used across various activities
    • When multiple views can be displayed side by side just like ViewPager

  • What is the difference between FragmentPagerAdapter vs FragmentStatePagerAdapter?

    • FragmentPagerAdapter: Each fragment visited by the user will be stored in the memory but the view will be destroyed. When the page is revisited, then the view will be created not the instance of the fragment.
    • FragmentStatePagerAdapter: Here, the fragment instance will be destroyed when it is not visible to the user, except the saved state of the fragment.

  • What is the difference between adding/replacing fragment in backstack? - Learn from here

  • How would you communicate between two Fragments?

  • What is retained Fragment? - Learn from here

  • What is the purpose of addToBackStack() while commiting fragment transaction?

    • By calling addToBackStack(), the replace transaction is saved to the back stack so the user can reverse the transaction and bring back the previous fragment by pressing the Back button. For more Learn from here

Views and ViewGroups

  • Optimizing layouts in Android - Learn from here

  • What is View in Android?

  • Difference between View.GONE and View.INVISIBLE? - Learn from here

  • Can you a create custom view? How?

  • What are ViewGroups and how they are different from the Views?

    • View: View objects are the basic building blocks of User Interface(UI) elements in Android. View is a simple rectangle box which responds to the user’s actions. Examples are EditText, Button, CheckBox etc. View refers to the android.view.View class, which is the base class of all UI classes.
    • ViewGroup: ViewGroup is the invisible container. It holds View and ViewGroup. For example, LinearLayout is the ViewGroup that contains Button(View), and other Layouts also. ViewGroup is the base class for Layouts.

  • What is a Canvas? - Learn from here

  • What is a SurfaceView? - Learn from here

  • Relative Layout vs Linear Layout.

  • Tell about Constraint Layout optimization - Learn from here

  • Do you know what is the view tree? How can you optimize its depth? - Learn from here

Displaying Lists of Content

  • What is the difference between ListView and RecyclerView? - Learn from here

  • How does the RecyclerView work? - Learn from here

  • RecyclerView Optimization - Scrolling Performance Improvement - Learn from here

  • Optimizing Nested RecyclerView - Learn from here

  • How does RecyclerView improve performance over ListView?

  • What are the components of a RecyclerView?

  • Explain the role of RecyclerView.Adapter and RecyclerView.ViewHolder - Learn from here

  • What is a LayoutManager in RecyclerView?

  • How do you handle multiple view types in a single RecyclerView?

  • What is DiffUtil and how does it improve RecyclerView performance? - Learn from here

  • What is the purpose of RecyclerView.setHasFixedSize(true)? - Learn from here

  • How do you update a specific item in RecyclerView?

  • What is SnapHelper? - Learn from here: SnapHelper

Dialogs and Toasts

Intents and Broadcasting

  • What is Intent? - Learn from here

  • What is an Implicit Intent? - Learn from here

  • What is an Explicit Intent? - Learn from here

  • What is a BroadcastReceiver? - Learn from here

  • What is a Sticky Intent?

    • Sticky Intents allows communication between a function and a service. sendStickyBroadcast() performs a sendBroadcast(Intent) known as sticky, i.e. the Intent you are sending stays around after the broadcast is complete, so that others can quickly retrieve that data through the return value of registerReceiver(BroadcastReceiver, IntentFilter). For example, if you take an intent for ACTION_BATTERY_CHANGED to get battery change events: When you call registerReceiver() for that action — even with a null BroadcastReceiver — you get the Intent that was last Broadcast for that action. Hence, you can use this to find the state of the battery without necessarily registering for all future state changes in the battery.

  • Describe how broadcasts and intents work to be able to pass messages around your app? - Learn from here

  • What is a PendingIntent?

    • If you want someone to perform any Intent operation at future point of time on behalf of you, then we will use Pending Intent.

  • What are the different types of Broadcasts? - Learn from here

Services

Inter-process Communication

  • How can two distinct Android apps interact? - Learn from here

  • Is it possible to run an Android app in multiple processes? How? - Learn from here

  • What is AIDL? Enumerate the steps in creating a bounded service through AIDL. - Learn from here

  • What can you use for background processing in Android? - Learn from here

  • What is a ContentProvider and what is it typically used for? - Learn from here

Long-running Operations

Working With Multimedia Content

Data Saving

  • Jetpack DataStore Preferences - Learn from here

  • Persisting Data in an Android App - Learn from here

  • What is ORM? How does it work?

  • How would you preserve the Activity state during a screen rotation? - Learn from here

  • What are different ways to store data in your Android app?

  • Explain Scoped Storage in Android.

  • How to encrypt data in Android?

  • What is commit() and apply() in SharedPreferences?

    • commit() returns a boolean value of success or failure immediately by writing data synchronously.
    • apply() is asynchronous and it won’t return any boolean response. If you have an apply() outstanding and you are performing commit(), then the commit() will be blocked until the apply() is not completed.

Look and Feel

  • What is a Spannable?

  • What is a SpannableString?

    • A SpannableString has immutable text, but its span information is mutable. Use a SpannableString when your text doesn’t need to be changed but the styling does. Spans are ranges over the text that include styling information like color, heighliting, italics, links, etc

  • What are the best practices for using text in Android?

  • How to implement Dark mode in any application?

Memory Optimizations

  • What is the onTrimMemory() method? - Learn from here

  • How to identify and fix OutOfMemory issues?

  • How do you find memory leaks in Android applications?

Battery Life Optimizations

Supporting Different Screen Sizes

Permissions

  • What are the different protection levels in permission?

Native Programming

Android System Internal

Android Jetpack

Others

Android Libraries

Android Interview Questions and Answers:

Android Architecture

Android Interview Questions and Answers:

Design Pattern

Android Interview Questions and Answers

Android System Design

Android Interview Questions and Answers:

Refer to this blog: Android System Design Interviews

Android Unit Testing

Android Interview Questions and Answers:

Android Tools And Technologies

Android Interview Questions and Answers:

Java

Android Interview Questions and Answers:

Solid Principles

  • “S” in SOLID Principles: The Single Responsibility Principle - Learn from here
  • “O” in SOLID Principles: Open/Closed Principle - Learn from here
  • “L” in SOLID Principles: Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP) - Learn from here
  • “I” in SOLID Principles: Interface Segregation Principle (ISP) - Learn from here
  • “D” in SOLID Principles: Dependency Inversion Principle (DIP) - Learn from here

OOP

  • Explain OOP Concepts.

  • Differences between abstract classes and interfaces?

    • An abstract class, is a class that contains both concrete and abstract methods
      (methods without implementations). An abstract method must be implemented by the abstract class
      sub-classes. Abstract classes cannot be instantiated and need to be extended to be used.
    • An interface is like a blueprint/contract of a class (or it may be thought of as a class with methods, but without their implementation). It contains empty methods that
      represent, what all of its subclasses should have in common. The subclasses provide the
      implementation for each of these methods. Interfaces are implemented.

  • Difference between method overloading and overriding.

  • What are the access modifiers you know? What does each one do?

    • There are four access modifiers in Java language (from strictest to the most lenient):
      1. private variables, methods, constructors or inner classes are only visible to its’ containing class and its’ methods. This modifier is most commonly used, for example, to allow variable access only through getters and setters or to hide underlying implementation of classes that should not be used by user and therefore maintain encapsulation. Singleton constructor is also marked private to avoid unwanted instantiation from outside.
      2. Default (no keyword is used) this modifier can be applied to classes, variables, constructors and methods and allows access from classes and methods inside the same package.
      3. protected can be used on variables, methods and constructors therefore allowing access only to subclasses and classes that are inside the same package as protected members’ class.
      4. public modifier is widely-used on classes, variables, constructors and methods to grant access from any class and method anywhere. It should not be used everywhere as it implies that data marked with public is not sensitive and can not be used to harm the program.

  • Can an Interface implement another Interface?

    • Yes, an interface can implement another interface (and more than one), but it needs to use extends, rather than implements keyword. And while you can not remove methods from parent interface, you can add new ones freely to your sub-interface.

  • What is Polymorphism? What about Inheritance?

Collections and Generics

Objects and Primitives

  • How is String class implemented? Why was it made immutable?

    • There is no primitive variant of String class in Java language - all strings are just wrappers around underlying array of characters, which is declared final. This means that, once a String object is instantiated, it cannot be changed through normal tools of the language (Reflection still can mess things up horribly, because in Java no object is truly immutable). This is why String variables in classes are the first candidates to be used, when you want to override hashCode() and equals() of your class - you can be sure, that all their required contracts will be satisfied.

      Note: The String class is immutable, so that once it is created a String object cannot be changed. The String class has a number of methods, some of which will be discussed below, that appear to modify strings. Since strings are immutable, what these methods really do is create and return a new string that contains the result of the operation. (Official Java Documentation)

      This class is also unique in a sense, that, when you create an instance like this:

      1. String helloWorld = "Hello, World!";

      "Hello, World!" is called a literal and compiler creates a String object with its’ value. So

      1. String capital = "Hello, World!".toUpperCase();

      is a valid statement, that, firstly, will create an object with literal value “Hello, World!” and then will create and return another object with value “HELLO, WORLD!”

    • String was made immutable to prevent malicious manipulation of data, when, for example, user login or other sensitive data is being send to a server.

  • What does it means to say that a String is immutable?

    • It means that once created, String object’s char[] (its’ containing value) is declared final and, therefore, it can not be changed during runtime.

  • Can you list 8 primitive types in java?

    • byte
    • short
    • int
    • long
    • float
    • double
    • char
    • boolean

  • What is the difference between an Integer and int?

    • int is a primitive data type (with boolean, byte, char, short, long, float and double), while Integer (with Boolean, Byte, Character, Short,Long, Float and Double) is a wrapper class that encapsulates primitive data type, while providing useful methods to perform different tasks with it.

  • Do objects get passed by reference or value in Java? Elaborate on that.

Java Memory Model and Garbage Collector

Concurrency

  • What does the keyword synchronized mean?

  • What is a ThreadPoolExecutor? - ThreadPoolExecutor in Android

  • What is volatile modifier?

  • Object Level Lock vs Class Level Lock in Java - Learn from here

  • Concurrency vs Parallelism - Learn from here

  • The classes in the atomic package expose a common set of methods: get, set,, lazyset, compareAndSet, and weakCompareAndSet. Please describe them.

Exceptions

  • How does the try{}, catch{}, finally works?

  • What is the difference between a Checked Exception and an Un-Checked Exception?

Others

  • Shallow vs. Deep Copy in Java - Learn from here

  • Explain Serialization and Deserialization - Learn from here

  • What is serialization? How do you implement it?

  • What is transient modifier?

  • What are anonymous classes?

  • What is the difference between using == and .equals on an object?

  • What is the hashCode() and equals() used for?

  • When would you make an object value final?

  • What are these final, finally and finalize keywords?

  • What is the difference between “throw” and “throws” keyword in Java?

    • throws is just used to indicated which exception is to be thrown. But the throw keyword is used to throw some exception from any static block or any method.

  • What does the static word mean in Java?

    • In case of static variable it means that this variable (its’ value or the object it references) spans across all instances of enclosing class (changing it in one instance affects all others), while in case of static methods it means that these methods can be invoked without an instance of their enclosing class. It is useful, for example, when you create util classes that need not be instantiated every time you want to use them.

  • Can a static method be overridden in Java?

    • While child class can override a static method with another static method with the same signature (return type can be down-casted), it is not truly overridden - it becomes “hidden”, but both methods can still be accessed under right circumstances (see question about overloading/overriding above).

  • When is a static block run?

    • Code inside static block is executed only once: the first time you make an object of that class or the first time you access a static member of that class (even if you never make an object of that class).

  • Explain Reflection in Java - Learn from here

  • What is Dependency Injection?

  • Difference between StringBuffer and StringBuilder? - Learn from here

  • What is the difference between fail-fast and fail-safe iterators in Java?

  • Monitor and Synchronization

Jetpack Compose

Topics you should know in Jetpack Compose for Android Interview:

  • Compose
  • State: remember, rememberSaveable, MutableState
  • Recomposition
  • State hoisting
  • Side-effects
  • Modifier
  • Theme
  • Layout, List
  • Gestures, Animation
  • CompositionLocal

Learn the above-mentioned from the following links:

Questions

  • Jetpack Compose vs Android View System

  • Explain the concept of declarative UI in Jetpack Compose.

  • Declarative UI vs Imperative UI

  • What are Composable functions?

  • What is Recomposition?

  • What is State in Compose?

  • How does state management work in Jetpack Compose?

  • Stateful composable vs Stateless composable

  • What are the side effects?

  • Difference between LaunchedEffect and DisposableEffect.

  • What is rememberCoroutineScope and its use cases?

  • How to observe Flows, and LiveData states in Compose UI?

  • How can we handle asynchronous operations in Jetpack Compose?

  • How can we convert a non-compose state into a Compose state?

  • Explain derivedStateOf.

  • Explain rememberUpdatedState.

  • Difference between remember and rememberSaveable. - Learn from here

  • Explain the Lifecycle of a Composable in Jetpack Compose.

  • How do you handle lifecycle events in Compose functions?

  • What are the best practices for performance optimization in Jetpack Compose?

  • Can we use both Jetpack Compose and Android View in a Single App?

  • What is State Hoisting?

  • Explain CompositionLocal

  • Explain Jetpack Compose Phases.

  • What is the role of the Modifier in Jetpack Compose?

  • What are Semantics?

  • How can you handle user input and events in Jetpack Compose?

  • How do you handle navigation in Jetpack Compose?

  • How do you handle orientation changes in Jetpack Compose?

  • Explain the concept of unidirectional data flow in Jetpack Compose.

  • How to create Custom Layouts in Compose?

Other Topics

Android Interview Questions and Answers:

  • Describe SQLite.

  • Have you used Room?

  • Can we identify the users who have uninstalled our application?

  • Android Development Best Practices. - Learn from here: Android Development Best Practices

  • React Native vs Flutter - Learn from here: React Native vs Flutter

  • What are the metrics that you should measure continuously while android application development? - Learn from here: Android App Performance Metrics

  • How to avoid API keys from check-in into VCS?

  • How does the Kotlin Multiplatform work? - Blog

  • How to use Memory Heap Dumps data?

  • How to implement Dark Theme in your app?

  • How to secure the API keys used in an Android App?

  • What is Cleartext traffic? Learn from here: What is Cleartext traffic?

  • Tell something about memory usage in Android.

  • Explain Annotation processing.

  • How does the Android Push Notification system work? Learn from here: How does the Android Push Notification system work?

  • Android Push Notification Flow using FCM. Learn from here: Android Push Notification Flow using FCM

  • How to show local Notification at an exact time?

Data Structures and Algorithms

  • Android Developer should know these Data Structures for Next Interview - Check here

High-quality videos to prepare for Android Interview - @amitshekhar">Amit Shekhar YouTube Channel

High-quality blogs to prepare for Android Interview - Check here - Outcome School Blog

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License

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  4.    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
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