STAREPandas

STAREpandas adds SpatioTemporal Adaptive Resolution Encoding
(STARE) support to pandas DataFrames.

Introduction

STAREPandas is the STARE pendant to GeoPandas.
It makes working with geospatial data in python easier.
It provides file and database I/O functionality and allows to easily perform STARE based
spatial operations that would otherwise require a (STARE-extended) spatial database or a geographic information system.

In STAREDataFrames, geometries are represented as sets of STARE triangles or ”trixels”;
analogously to GeoPandas geodataframes which represent geometries as WKT. In STARE dataframes,
points are represented as STARE trixels at the HTM tree’s leaf level.
Polygons are represented as sets of STARE trixels that cover the polygon.

STAREPandas also extends the geopandas file I/O functionality to load some (raster) formats of
remote sensing granules and tiles (MOD09, MOD09GA, VNP03) through pyhdf and netcdf4.

Installation on Linux

pyhdf

STAREPandas depends on pyhdf to read hdf4-eos granules, requiring libhdf4-dev, to build.

Tested on python 3.7.6

On Ubuntu 20.04:

apt install libhdf4-dev

On Centos7:

yum install hdf-devel.x86_64

Alternatively, pyhdf can also be found on conda

conda install -c conda-forge pyhdf

pystare

STAREPandas is built on top of pystare.

pip3 install pystare

STAREPandas

It is recommendable to install pip packages in a Virtual Environment

mkvirtualevironment starepandas

Make sure pip is up-to-date.

Then install STAREPandas from github.

pip3 install starepandas

Installation on MacOS M1

I.Install STARE on MacOS M1

1. Create new conda env with python 3.12:

conda create -n <YOUR_CONDA_ENV> python=3.12

E.g: conda create -n stare_3.12 python=3.12

1. Activate conda env:

conda activate <YOUR_CONDA_ENV>

E.g: conda activate stare_3.12

1. Install numpy:

conda install -c conda-forge numpy

1. Install cmake:

sudo apt update  
sudo apt install cmake

or:

conda install -c conda-forge cmake

1. Install doxygen & x-code-select:

conda install -c conda-forge doxygen
xcode-select --install

1. (Optional) May need to link librhash library

   cd /Users/tonhai/miniconda3/envs/<YOUR_CONDA_ENV>/lib
   ln -s librhash.<VERSION>.dylib librhash.0.dylib

   E.g:

   cd /Users/tonhai/miniconda3/envs/stare_3.12/lib
   ln -s librhash.1.4.5.dylib librhash.0.dylib

2. Download & install STARE from source:

git clone https://github.com/SpatioTemporal/STARE  
cd STARE
mkdir build
cd build
cmake -DCMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES=arm64 \
      -DCMAKE_OSX_SYSROOT="$(xcode-select --print-path)/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk" \
      -DCMAKE_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=11.0 \
      -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-isysroot $(xcode-select --print-path)/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk -I$(xcode-select --print-path)/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/include/c++/v1" \
      -DSTARE_INSTALL_LIBDIR=lib \
      -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=NO \
      ../
make -j4
sudo make install

1. Check to see if libSTARE.a in /usr/local/lib/ and STARE.h in /usr/local/include/, if not:

   export STARE_INCLUDE_DIR=/path/to/directory-containing-stare.h/  
   export STARE_LIB_DIR=/path/to/directory-containing-stare.a/

E.g.:

export STARE_INCLUD_DIR=/Users/tonhai/miniconda3/envs/stare_3.12/include/STARE
export STARE_LIB_DIR=/Users/tonhai/miniconda3/envs/stare_3.12/lib

python3 setup.py build_ext --inplace 
python3 setup.py bdist_wheel
python3 setup.py sdist

II. Install pystare on MacOS M1

1. Install setuptools, swig and wheel:

conda install -c conda-forge setuptools swig wheel

1. Install xcode-select:

xcode-select --install

1. Download pystare, rebuild and install:

   git clone https://github.com/SpatioTemporal/pystare  
   cd pystare  
   export CXXFLAGS="-I$(xcode-select --print-path)/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/include/c++/v1"
   python3 setup.py build_ext --inplace  
   python3 setup.py bdist_wheel  
   python3 setup.py sdist  
   pip3 install .

If there is any issue, try to export this and retry:

export CXXFLAGS="-I/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/include/c++/v1"

III. Install STAREpandas on MacOS M1

1. Install setuptools, swig and wheel:

conda install -c conda-forge setuptools swig wheel

1. Install xcode-select:

xcode-select --install

1. Export CXXFLAGS

export CXXFLAGS="-I$(xcode-select --print-path)/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/include/c++/v1"
Or:
export CXXFLAGS="-I/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/include/c++/v1"

1. Download STAREPandas, rebuild and install:

git clone https://github.com/SpatioTemporal/STAREPandas  
cd STAREPandas  
python3 setup.py build_ext --inplace  
python3 setup.py bdist_wheel  
python3 setup.py sdist  
pip3 install .

Note

Some of the examples require Rtree-linux to be installed to run geopandas spatial joins.
As of 2020-08-20, I could not make this work on Centos7 with rtree>0.9 (9.4) as it requires GLIBCXX_3.4.21. I therefor downgrade rtree to rtree-0.8.3 on Centos7

pip3 install "rtree>=0.8,<0.9

This is likely related to rtree issue 120

Tests

cd starepandas/
pytests

Some of the examples further require bokeh and pandas_bokeh

Documentation

starepandas uses sphinx

The dependencies are in docs/source/requirements.txt

pip3 install -r docs/source/requirements.txt

Build the docs with e.g.

cd docs/
make html

Features and usage

The examples/ folder contains notebooks that highlight the usage.

STAREPandas helps integrating STARE in the geospatial data workflow.
Building on top of fiona and geopandas, STAREPandas allows to read almost any vector-based spatial data format and convert lat/lon and well-known-text (WKT) representation to STARE indices and covers.

path = geopandas.datasets.get_path('naturalearth_lowres')
world = geopandas.read_file(path)
africa = world[world.continent == 'Africa']
stare = starepandas.sids_from_gdf(africa, level=7, force_ccw=True)
africa = starepandas.STAREDataFrame(africa, stare=stare)

STAREPandas extends the geopandas rich plotting abilities and provides a simple method to generate visualizations of trixels:

trixels = africa.make_trixels()
africa.set_trixels(trixels, inplace=True)
africa.plot(ax=ax, trixels=True, boundary=True, column='name', linewidth=0.2)

STAREPandas extends the file I/O capability with the ability to read common remote-sensing granule data from HDF and netCDF files. STARE indices for the granules can either be generated on demand or read from a companion / sidedcar file.

path= 'data/MYD05_L2.A2020060.1635.061.2020061153519.hdf'
modis = starepandas.read_mod09(path, add_stare=True, adapt_resolution=True)

STAREPandas allows to carry out STARE-based spatial relation tests and spatial joins.

cities = ['Buenos Aires', 'Brasilia', 'Santiago',
          'Bogota', 'Caracas', 'Sao Paulo', 'Bridgetown']
latitudes = [-34.58, -15.78, -33.45, 4.60, 10.48, -23.55, 13.1]
longitudes = [-58.66, -47.91, -70.66, -74.08, -66.86, -46.63, -59.62]
data = {'City': cities,
        'Latitude': latitudes, 'Longitude': longitudes}
cities = starepandas.STAREDataFrame(data)
stare = starepandas.sids_from_xy(cities.Longitude, cities.Latitude, level=27)
cities.set_sids(stare, inplace=True)
countries = geopandas.read_file(geopandas.datasets.get_path('naturalearth_lowres'))
countries = countries.sort_values(by='name')
samerica = countries[countries.continent == 'South America']
stare = starepandas.sids_from_gdf(samerica, level=10, force_ccw=True)
samerica = starepandas.STAREDataFrame(samerica, stare=stare)
starepandas.stare_join(samerica, cities, how='left').head()

STAREPandas further allows for STARE-bases intersections:

fname = 'zip://data/amapoly_ivb.zip'
amazon = geopandas.read_file(fname)  # Nice flex
amazon = amazon.to_crs('EPSG:4326')
stare = starepandas.sids_from_gdf(amazon, level=10, force_ccw=True)
amazon = starepandas.STAREDataFrame(amazon, stare=stare)
stare_amazon = samerica.stare_intersection(amazon.make_sids.iloc[0])

Troubleshooting

UserWarning: pyproj unable to set database path _pyproj_global_context_initialize() Or Invalid projection: EPSG (Internal Proj Error: proj_create: no database context specified)

This is typically caused by a problem with the PROJ library and Geopandas. So, one potential solution for this is to do the followings:

• Install proj-data with conda: conda install -c conda-forge proj-data
• Install geopandas and pyproj with pip:
  • may need to uninstall geopandas from conda: conda remove geopandas
  • pip install scipy
  • pip install pyproj geopandas
  • May need to install shapely with conda: conda install -c conda-forge shapely
  • May need to intall matlib: conda install -c conda-forge matplotlib
  • Check the PROJ data directory:
  • import python
  • print(pyproj.datadir.get_data_dir())
  • export PROJ_LIB=/path/to/proj/data

Acknowledgments

2018-2021 STARE development supported by NASA/ACCESS-17 grant 80NSSC18M0118.