🎨 Example-based texture synthesis written in Rust 🦀
🎨 texture-synthesis
We at Embark are not actively using or developing these crates and would be open to transferring them to a maintainer or maintainers that would be more active. See #166.
Generate similar-looking images from a single example.
use texture_synthesis as ts;fn main() -> Result<(), ts::Error> {//create a new sessionlet texsynth = ts::Session::builder()//load a single example image.add_example(&"imgs/1.jpg").build()?;//generate an imagelet generated = texsynth.run(None);//save the image to the diskgenerated.save("out/01.jpg")}
cargo run --release -- --out out/01.jpg generate imgs/1.jpg
You should get the following result with the images provided in this repo:
We can also provide multiple example images and the algorithm will “remix” them into a new image.
use texture_synthesis as ts;fn main() -> Result<(), ts::Error> {// create a new sessionlet texsynth = ts::Session::builder()// load multiple example image.add_examples(&[&"imgs/multiexample/1.jpg",&"imgs/multiexample/2.jpg",&"imgs/multiexample/3.jpg",&"imgs/multiexample/4.jpg",])// we can ensure all of them come with same size// that is however optional, the generator doesnt care whether all images are same sizes// however, if you have guides or other additional maps, those have to be same size(s) as corresponding example(s).resize_input(ts::Dims {width: 300,height: 300,})// randomly initialize first 10 pixels.random_init(10).seed(211).build()?;// generate an imagelet generated = texsynth.run(None);// save the image to the diskgenerated.save("out/02.jpg")?;//save debug information to see "remixing" borders of different examples in map_id.jpg//different colors represent information coming from different mapsgenerated.save_debug("out/")}
cargo run --release -- --rand-init 10 --seed 211 --in-size 300x300 -o out/02.png --debug-out-dir out generate imgs/multiexample/1.jpg imgs/multiexample/2.jpg imgs/multiexample/3.jpg imgs/multiexample/4.jpg
You should get the following result with the images provided in this repo:
We can also guide the generation by providing a transformation “FROM”-“TO” in a form of guide maps
use texture_synthesis as ts;fn main() -> Result<(), ts::Error> {let texsynth = ts::Session::builder()// NOTE: it is important that example(s) and their corresponding guides have same size(s)// you can ensure that by overwriting the input images sizes with .resize_input().add_example(ts::Example::builder(&"imgs/2.jpg").with_guide(&"imgs/masks/2_example.jpg"))// load target "heart" shape that we would like the generated image to look like// now the generator will take our target guide into account during synthesis.load_target_guide(&"imgs/masks/2_target.jpg").build()?;let generated = texsynth.run(None);// save the image to the diskgenerated.save("out/03.jpg")}
cargo run --release -- -o out/03.png generate --target-guide imgs/masks/2_target.jpg --guides imgs/masks/2_example.jpg -- imgs/2.jpg
NOTE: Note the use of -- to delimit the path to the example imgs/2.jpg, if you don’t specify --, the path
to the example will be used as another guide path and there won’t be any examples.
You should get the following result with the images provided in this repo:
Texture synthesis API supports auto-generation of example guide maps, which produces a style transfer-like effect.
use texture_synthesis as ts;fn main() -> Result<(), ts::Error> {let texsynth = ts::Session::builder()// load example which will serve as our style, note you can have more than 1!.add_examples(&[&"imgs/multiexample/4.jpg"])// load target which will be the content// with style transfer, we do not need to provide example guides// they will be auto-generated if none were provided.load_target_guide(&"imgs/tom.jpg").guide_alpha(0.8).build()?;// generate an image that applies 'style' to "tom.jpg"let generated = texsynth.run(None);// save the result to the diskgenerated.save("out/04.jpg")}
cargo run --release -- --alpha 0.8 -o out/04.png transfer-style --style imgs/multiexample/4.jpg --guide imgs/tom.jpg
You should get the following result with the images provided in this repo:
We can also fill-in missing information with inpaint. By changing the seed, we will get different version of the ‘fillment’.
use texture_synthesis as ts;fn main() -> Result<(), ts::Error> {let texsynth = ts::Session::builder()// let the generator know which part we would like to fill in// if we had more examples, they would be additional information// the generator could use to inpaint.inpaint_example(&"imgs/masks/3_inpaint.jpg",// load a "corrupted" example with missing red information we would like to fill ints::Example::builder(&"imgs/3.jpg")// we would also like to prevent sampling from "corrupted" red areas// otherwise, generator will treat that those as valid areas it can copy from in the example,// we could also use SampleMethod::Ignore to ignore the example altogether, but we// would then need at least 1 other example image to actually source from// example.set_sample_method(ts::SampleMethod::Ignore);.set_sample_method(&"imgs/masks/3_inpaint.jpg"),// Inpaint requires that inputs and outputs be the same size, so it's a required// parameter that overrides both `resize_input` and `output_size`ts::Dims::square(400),)// Ignored.resize_input(ts::Dims::square(200))// Ignored.output_size(ts::Dims::square(100)).build()?;let generated = texsynth.run(None);//save the result to the diskgenerated.save("out/05.jpg")}
Note that the --out-size parameter determines the size for all inputs and outputs when using inpaint!
cargo run --release -- --out-size 400 --inpaint imgs/masks/3_inpaint.jpg -o out/05.png generate imgs/3.jpg
You should get the following result with the images provided in this repo:
Instead of using a separate image for our inpaint mask, we can instead obtain the information from a specific
channel. In this example, the alpha channel is a circle directly in the middle of the image.
use texture_synthesis as ts;fn main() -> Result<(), ts::Error> {let texsynth = ts::Session::builder()// Let the generator know that it is using.inpaint_example_channel(ts::ChannelMask::A,&"imgs/bricks.png",ts::Dims::square(400),).build()?;let generated = texsynth.run(None);//save the result to the diskgenerated.save("out/06.jpg")}
cargo run --release -- --inpaint-channel a -o out/06.png generate imgs/bricks.jpg
You should get the following result with the images provided in this repo:
We can make the generated image tile (meaning it will not have seams if you put multiple images together side-by-side). By invoking inpaint mode together with tiling, we can make an existing image tile.
use texture_synthesis as ts;fn main() -> Result<(), ts::Error> {// Let's start layering some of the "verbs" of texture synthesis// if we just run tiling_mode(true) we will generate a completely new image from scratch (try it!)// but what if we want to tile an existing image?// we can use inpaint!let texsynth = ts::Session::builder()// load a mask that specifies borders of the image we can modify to make it tiling.inpaint_example(&"imgs/masks/1_tile.jpg",ts::Example::new(&"imgs/1.jpg"),ts::Dims::square(400),)//turn on tiling mode!.tiling_mode(true).build()?;let generated = texsynth.run(None);generated.save("out/07.jpg")}
cargo run --release -- --inpaint imgs/masks/1_tile.jpg --out-size 400 --tiling -o out/07.bmp generate imgs/1.jpg
You should get the following result with the images provided in this repo:
We can re-apply the coordinate transformation performed by texture synthesis onto a new image.
use texture_synthesis as ts;fn main() -> Result<(), ts::Error> {// create a new sessionlet texsynth = ts::Session::builder()//load a single example image.add_example(&"imgs/1.jpg").build()?;// generate an imagelet generated = texsynth.run(None);// now we can apply the same transformation of the generated image// onto a new image (which can be used to ensure 1-1 mapping between multiple images)// NOTE: it is important to provide same number of input images as the// otherwise, there will be coordinates mismatchlet repeat_transform_img = generated.get_coordinate_transform().apply(&["imgs/1_bw.jpg"])?;// save the image to the disk// 08 and 08_repeated images should match perfectlyrepeat_transform_img.save("out/08_repeated.jpg").unwrap();generated.save("out/08.jpg")}
The notable bit here is the --save-transform out/multi.xform which creates the
file that can be used to generate new outputs with.
cargo run --release -- --rand-init 10 --seed 211 --in-size 300x300 -o
out/02.png generate --save-transform out/multi.xform imgs/multiexample/1.jpg imgs/multiexample/2.jpg imgs/multiexample/3.jpg
imgs/multiexample/4.jpg
repeat subcommand to repeat transform with differentThe important bits here are the use of the repeat subcommand instead ofgenerate, and --transform out/multi.xform which tells what transform to
apply to the inputs. The only restriction is that the number of images you
specify must match the original number of examples exactly. If the input
images have different dimensions than the example images, they will be
automatically resized for you.
cargo run --release -- -o out/02-repeated.png repeat --transform
out/multi.xform imgs/multiexample/1.jpg imgs/multiexample/2.jpg
imgs/multiexample/4.jpg imgs/multiexample/3.jpg
Also note that the normal parameters that are used with generate don’t apply
to the repeat subcommand and will be ignored.
Sample masks allow you to specify how an example image is sampled during generation.
use texture_synthesis as ts;fn main() -> Result<(), ts::Error> {let session = ts::Session::builder().add_example(ts::Example::builder(&"imgs/4.png").set_sample_method(ts::SampleMethod::Ignore),).add_example(ts::Example::builder(&"imgs/5.png").set_sample_method(ts::SampleMethod::All)).seed(211).output_size(ts::Dims::square(200)).build()?;// generate an imagelet generated = session.run(None);// save the image to the diskgenerated.save("out/09.png")}
cargo run --release -- --seed 211 --out-size 200 --sample-masks IGNORE ALL --out 09_sample_masks.png generate imgs/4.png imgs/5.png
You should get the following result with the images provided in this repo:
We can also combine multiple modes together. For example, multi-example guided synthesis:
Or chaining multiple stages of generation together:
For more use cases and examples, please refer to the presentation “More Like This, Please! Texture Synthesis and Remixing from a Single Example”
Some functionality is only exposed through the CLI and not built into the library.
flip-and-rotateThis subcommand takes each example and performs flip and rotation transformations to it to generate additional example inputs for generation. This subcommand doesn’t support target or example guides.
Example: cargo run --release -- -o out/output.png flip-and-rotate imgs/1.jpg
1.37.0cd to the directory you cloned this repository intocargo install --path=clicargo install --path=cli --features="progress"cargo install ittexture_synthesis --help to get a list of all of the options and commands you can runtexture-synthesis --threads 1SessionBuilder::max_thread_count(1)If you’re compiling for Linux, you’ll need to have libxkbcommon development libraries installed. For ubuntu this is libxkbcommon-x11-dev.
[1] [Opara & Stachowiak] “More Like This, Please! Texture Synthesis and Remixing from a Single Example”
[2] [Harrison] Image Texture Tools
[3] [Ashikhmin] Synthesizing Natural Textures
[4] [Efros & Leung] Texture Synthesis by Non-parametric Sampling
[5] [Wey & Levoy] Fast Texture Synthesis using Tree-structured Vector Quantization
[6] [De Bonet] Multiresolution Sampling Procedure for Analysis and Synthesis of Texture Images
[7] All the test images in this repo are from Unsplash
We welcome community contributions to this project.
Please read our Contributor Guide for more information on how to get started.
Licensed under either of
at your option.
Unless you explicitly state otherwise, any contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the work by you, as defined in the Apache-2.0 license, shall be dual licensed as above, without any additional terms or conditions.