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项目作者： test-kitchen

项目描述 ：
Test Kitchen driver/provisioner for lightning faster Chef Infra cookbook testing with Docker
高级语言： Ruby
项目地址: git://github.com/test-kitchen/kitchen-dokken.git
创建时间： 2015-05-06T00:18:34Z
项目社区：https://github.com/test-kitchen/kitchen-dokken
开源协议：Other
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kitchen-dokken

Gem Version

Overview

This Test Kitchen plugin provides a driver, transport, and provisioner for rapid cookbook testing and container development using Docker and Chef Infra Client.

Why should I use kitchen-dokken?

kitchen-dokken is fast. Really fast.

Test Kitchen itself has four components: Drivers, Transports, Provisioners, and Verifiers. Drivers are responsible for creating a system on local hypervisors or a cloud. Transports such as ssh or winrm are responsible for connecting to these hosts. Provisioners are responsible for provisioning the hosts to the desired state using scripts or configuration management tools. The final component is the verifier which is responsible for verifying the system state matches the desired state.

Unlike all other Test Kitchen drivers, kitchen-dokken handles all the tasks of the driver, transport, and provisioner itself. This approach requires a narrow focus of just Chef Infra cookbook testing, but provides ultra-fast testing times. Docker containers have a fast creation and start time, and dokken uses the official Chef Infra Client containers instead of spending the time to download and install the client. These design decisions result in tests that run in seconds instead of minutes and don’t require high bandwidth Internet connections.

kitchen-dokken vs. other drivers

As stated above kitchen-dokken is purpose-built for speed and it achieves this by narrowing the testing scope to just Chef Infra cookbook testing. Other drivers like kitchen-vagrant or kitchen-docker are general-purpose drivers that can be used with any of the Kitchen provisioners such as kitchen-puppet or kitchen-ansible. Also, keep in mind that testing with containers is not a perfect analog to a full-blown system. The dokken-images containers are designed to be similar to a standard OS install, but they do not perfectly match those installs and may need additional packages to work properly. If you’re looking for a perfect analog to your production systems, without the additional work of package installation, then consider a driver such as kitchen-vagrant. If you’re willing to potentially invest in a bit of package troubleshooting in exchange for faster feedback cycles then kitchen-dokken is for you.

Usage

A sample kitchen-dokken kitchen.yml config:

  1. ---
  2. driver:
  3.   name: dokken
  4.   chef_version: latest # or 16 or 16.0 or 16.0.300 or current
  6. transport:
  7.   name: dokken
  9. provisioner:
  10.   name: dokken
  12. verifier:
  13.   name: inspec
  15. platforms:
  16. - name: centos-7
  17.   driver:
  18.     image: dokken/centos-7
  20. suites:
  21.   - name: default
  22.     run_list:
  23.     - recipe[hello_dokken::default]

Podman usage

For specific podman guidance please see the podman documentation.

How it works

Primordial State

List kitchen suites

  1. $ kitchen list
  2. Instance          Driver  Provisioner  Verifier  Transport  Last Action    Last Error

List containers

  1. $ docker ps -a
  2. CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES

List images

  1. $ docker images
  2. REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             VIRTUAL SIZE

Create phase

kitchen create

  1. $ kitchen create
  2. -----> Starting Kitchen (v1.15.0)
  3. -----> Creating <default-centos-7>...
  4.        Creating local sandbox at /Users/someara/.dokken/sandbox/6e1b03ab46-default-centos-7
  5.        Building work image..
  6.        Finished creating <default-centos-7> (0m21.04s).
  7. -----> Kitchen is finished. (0m21.95s)

The kitchen create phase of the kitchen run pulls (if missing) the chef/chef image from the Docker hub, then creates a volume container named chef-<version>. This makes /opt/chef available for mounting by other containers.

When talking to a local Docker host (over a socket), the driver creates and bind mounts a sandbox directory to /opt/kitchen. This prevents us from having to “upload” the test data.

When talking to a remote Docker host (tcp://somewhere.else), dokken starts a container named <suite-name>-data. It makes /opt/kitchen and /opt/verifier available for mounting by the runner. The data container is the “trick” to the whole thing. It comes with rsync, runs an openssh daemon, and uses an insecure, authorized_key ala Vagrant. This is later used to upload cookbook test data.

The venerable /tmp directory is avoided, due to the popularity of tmpfs clobbering by inits.

Finally, the driver pulls the image specified by the suite’s platform section and creates a runner container named <unique_prefix>-<suitename>. This container bind-mounts the volumes from chef-<version> and <suite-name>-data, giving access to Chef and the test data. By default, the pid_one_command of the runner container is a script that sleeps in a loop, letting us exec our provisioner in the next phase. It can be overridden with init systems like Upstart and systemd, for testing recipes with service resources as needed.

List containers

  1. $ docker ps -a
  2. CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                                COMMAND                  CREATED              STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
  3. 3489588d4470        6e1b03ab46-default-centos-7:latest   "sh -c 'trap exit ..."   About a minute ago   Up About a minute                       6e1b03ab46-default-centos-7
  4. f678882b1575        chef/chef:current                    "true"                   About a minute ago   Created                                 chef-current

List images

  1. $ docker images
  2. REPOSITORY                    TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED              SIZE
  3. 6e1b03ab46-default-centos-7   latest              2ea1040b9c10        About a minute ago   192 MB
  4. chef/chef                     current             01ec788610e2        6 days ago           124 MB
  5. centos                        7                   67591570dd29        7 weeks ago          192 MB

Converge phase

kitchen converge

  1. $ time kitchen converge
  2. -----> Starting Kitchen (v1.15.0)
  3. -----> Converging <default-centos-7>...
  4.        Creating local sandbox in /Users/someara/.dokken/sandbox/6e1b03ab46-default-centos-7
  5.        Preparing dna.json
  6.        Preparing current project directory as a cookbook
  7.        Removing non-cookbook files before transfer
  8.        Preparing validation.pem
  9.        Preparing client.rb
  10. Starting Chef Infra Client, version 16.10.8
  11. Creating a new client identity for default-centos-7 using the validator key.
  12. resolving cookbooks for run list: ["hello_dokken::default"]
  13. Synchronizing Cookbooks:
  14.   - hello_dokken (0.1.0)
  15. Installing Cookbook Gems:
  16. Compiling Cookbooks...
  17. Converging 1 resources
  18. Recipe: hello_dokken::default
  19.   * file[/hello] action create
  20.     - create new file /hello
  21.     - update content in file /hello from none to 2d6944
  22.     --- /hello    2017-02-08 04:23:01.780659287 +0000
  23.     +++ /.chef-hello20170208-41-105f1ha    2017-02-08 04:23:01.780659287 +0000
  24.     @@ -1 +1,2 @@
  25.     +hello\n
  26.     - change mode from '' to '0644'
  27.     - change owner from '' to 'root'
  28.     - change group from '' to 'root'
  30. Running handlers:
  31. Running handlers complete
  32. Chef Client finished, 1/1 resources updated in 01 seconds
  33.        Finished converging <default-centos-7> (0m2.61s).
  34. -----> Kitchen is finished. (0m3.46s)
  36. real    0m3.887s
  37. user    0m1.080s
  38. sys    0m0.210s

The kitchen-converge phase of the kitchen run uses the provisioner to upload cookbooks through the data container, then execs chef-client in the runner container. It does NOT install Chef Infra Client, as it has already been mounted by the driver. The transport then commits the runner container, creating an image that only contains the changes made by Chef.

List containers

  1. $ docker ps -a
  2. CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                          COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                   NAMES
  3. c153dfd8e53d        e9fa5d3a0d0e                   "sh -c 'trap exit 0 S"   9 minutes ago       Up 9 minutes                                default-centos-7
  4. 32c42fba4a8c        someara/kitchen-cache:latest   "/usr/sbin/sshd -D -p"   9 minutes ago       Up 9 minutes        0.0.0.0:32846->22/tcp   default-centos-7-data
  5. 7e327add6bf2        chef/chef:12.5.1               "true"                   17 minutes ago      Created                                     chef-12.5.1

List images

  1. $ docker images
  2. REPOSITORY              TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             VIRTUAL SIZE
  3. default-centos-7        latest              ec1d208d77cd        8 minutes ago       172.3 MB
  4. someara/kitchen-cache   latest              abbdb063dff1        2 weeks ago         300.8 MB
  5. chef/chef               12.5.1              86245605bbe3        4 weeks ago         168.1 MB
  6. centos                  7                   e9fa5d3a0d0e        6 weeks ago         172.3 MB

Diff container

  1. $ docker diff default-centos-7
  2. A /hello
  3. C /opt
  4. A /opt/chef
  5. A /opt/kitchen
  6. C /run
  7. A /run/mount
  8. A /run/mount/utab
  9. C /tmp
  10. C /var/lib/rpm/.dbenv.lock
  11. C /var/lib/rpm/__db.001
  12. C /var/lib/rpm/__db.002
  13. C /var/lib/rpm/__db.003

Verify phase

kitchen verify

  1. $ time kitchen verify
  2. -----> Starting Kitchen (v1.15.0)
  3. -----> Setting up <default-centos-7>...
  4.        Finished setting up <default-centos-7> (0m0.00s).
  5. -----> Verifying <default-centos-7>...
  6.        Loaded
  8. Target:  docker://84def4c49ce3703e42ac2be8a95c672d561c052520ca90788d42bbdb94e7cc6f
  11.   File /hello
  12.      ✔  should be file
  13.      ✔  should be mode 420
  14.      ✔  should be owned by "root"
  15.      ✔  should be grouped into "root"
  17. Test Summary: 4 successful, 0 failures, 0 skipped
  18.        Finished verifying <default-centos-7> (0m0.80s).
  19. -----> Kitchen is finished. (0m1.99s)
  21. real    0m2.695s
  22. user    0m1.310s
  23. sys    0m0.365s

The kitchen-verify phase uses the transport to run acceptance tests, verifying image state.

List containers

  1. $ docker ps -a
  2. CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                                COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
  3. 84def4c49ce3        6e1b03ab46-default-centos-7:latest   "sh -c 'trap exit ..."   6 minutes ago       Up 6 minutes                            6e1b03ab46-default-centos-7
  4. f678882b1575        chef/chef:current                    "true"                   9 minutes ago       Created                                 chef-current

List images

  1. $ docker images
  2. REPOSITORY                    TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
  3. 6e1b03ab46-default-centos-7   latest              fec1a50470ed        6 minutes ago       192 MB
  4. chef/chef                     current             01ec788610e2        6 days ago          124 MB
  5. centos                        7                   67591570dd29        7 weeks ago         192 MB

Destroy phase

kitchen destroy

  1. $ kitchen destroy
  2. -----> Starting Kitchen (v1.15.0)
  3. -----> Destroying <default-centos-7>...
  4.        Deleting local sandbox at /Users/someara/.dokken/sandbox/6e1b03ab46-default-centos-7
  5.        Finished destroying <default-centos-7> (0m0.83s).
  6. -----> Kitchen is finished. (0m1.81s)

List containers

  1. $ docker ps -a
  2. CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
  3. f678882b1575        chef/chef:current   "true"              10 minutes ago      Created                                 chef-current

List images

  1. $ docker images
  2. REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
  3. chef/chef           current             01ec788610e2        6 days ago          124 MB
  4. centos              7                   67591570dd29        7 weeks ago         192 MB

Advanced Configuration

Due to the nature of Docker, a handful of considerations need to be addressed.

A complete example of a non-trivial kitchen.yml is found in the docker cookbook, at https://github.com/chef-cookbooks/docker/blob/master/kitchen.yml

Minimalist images

The Distros (debian, centos, etc) will typically manage an official image on the Docker Hub. They are really pushing the boundaries of minimalist images, well beyond what is typically laid to disk as part of a “base installation”.

Very often, an image will come with a package manager, GNU coreutils, and that’s about it. This can differ greatly from what is found in typical Vagrant and IaaS images.

Because of this, it is often necessary to “cheat” and install prerequisites
into the image before running Chef, Serverspec, or your own programs.

To help with this, the Dokken driver provides an intermediate_instructions directive. Here is an example from httpd

  1. platforms:
  2. - name: debian-7
  3.   driver:
  4.     image: debian:7
  5.     intermediate_instructions:
  6.       - RUN /usr/bin/apt-get update
  7.       - RUN /usr/bin/apt-get install -y apt-transport-https net-tools

If present, an intermediate image is built, using a Dockerfile rendered from lines
provided. Any valid instruction will work, including MAINTAINER,
ENTRYPOINT, VOLUMES, etc. Knowledge of Docker is assumed.

This should be used as little as possible.

Example use case of intermediate_instruction

A possible use case is running kitchen behind a MITM proxy
If you did read the link, it’s scary yes, but a reality in many corporate networks where any HTTPS connection is intercepted, when done right (morally) the proxy uses an internal Certificate Authority (CA) which is not trusted by most programs.

It’s always a problem to get things accessing TLS secured servers through this kind of proxy when working in a container and here is how you can do it for Chef specifically.

Using kitchen intermediate_instructions and entrypoint you can overcome the problem in dokken in this way:

  1. driver:
  2.   name: dokken
  3.   chef_version: 16
  4.   entrypoint: /bin/entrypoint
  5.   intermediate_instructions:
  6.     - RUN /usr/bin/openssl s_client -showcerts -verify 5 -connect free.fr:443 </dev/null | /usr/bin/awk '/BEGIN/,/END/{if(/BEGIN/){a++}; certs[a]=(certs[a] "\n" $0)}; END {print certs[a]}' >> /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/ca.crt && update-ca-certificates
  7.     - RUN echo  "#!/bin/shell -ex\ncat /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/ca.crt >> /opt/chef/embedded/ssl/certs/cacert.pem\nexec \"\$@\"\n" >> /bin/entrypoint && chmod +x /bin/entrypoint

The code above does call a site (here free.fr, my french ISP :)) with openssl s_client and does an ugly awk parsing to extract the root CA from the chain and write it in /usr/local/share/ca-certificate/ca.crt and then update system certs (which makes curl, wget, and other system calls works with the proxy)

The second RUN creates an entrypoint for the container which will add the cert to Chef CA bundle and then exec whatever is passed as pid_one_command (see next paragraph, it does match CMD in dockerfile), this ensures once the container is created with chef volume and data volume mounted, the Chef’s CA bundle accept your proxy certificate.

Caveat: multiple suites running will add the cert to the chef container each time and consume a significant amount of disk space over time. In CI systems you’ll want to regularly prune containers to avoid this problem.

Process orientation

Docker containers are process oriented rather than machine oriented. This makes life interesting when testing things not necessarily destined to run in Docker. Specifically, Chef Infra recipes that utilize the service resource present a problem. To overcome this, we run the container in a way that mimics a machine.

As mentioned previously, we use an infinite loop to keep the container process from exiting. This allows us to do multiple kitchen converge and kitchen login operations without needing to commit a layer and start a new container. This is fine until we need to start testing recipes that use the service resource.

The default pid_one_command is 'sh -c "trap exit 0 SIGTERM; while :; do sleep 1; done"'

If you need to use the service resource to drive Upstart or systemd, you’ll need to specify the path to init. Here are more examples from httpd

  • systemd for RHEL-7 based platforms
  1. platforms:
  2. - name: centos-7
  3.   driver:
  4.     image: centos:7
  5.     privileged: true
  6.     pid_one_command: /usr/lib/systemd/systemd
  7.     volumes:
  8.       - /sys/fs/cgroup:/sys/fs/cgroup:ro # required by systemd

You can combine intermediate_instructions and pid_one_command as needed.

  • Upstart for Ubuntu 12.04
  1. - name: ubuntu-12.04
  2.   driver:
  3.     image: ubuntu-upstart:12.04
  4.     pid_one_command: /sbin/init
  5.     intermediate_instructions:
  6.       - RUN /usr/bin/apt-get update
  7.       - RUN /usr/bin/apt-get install apt-transport-https

Running with User Namespaces enabled

IF you are running a Docker daemon with user namespace remapping enabled you’ll get errors running dokken with privileged containers.

To mitigate this, add the following to your driver definition:

  1. platforms:
  2. - name: centos-7
  3.   driver:
  4.     image: centos:7
  5.     privileged: true
  6.     userns_host: true

This will disable user namespaces for the running container.

Caching Downloaded Files

On Debian/Ubuntu systems, all files downloaded via it’s package manager (apt) are stored at /var/cache/apt/archives/.
Therefore one may save the downloads on a different volume and therefore save time. One may even use one’s own apt cache folder to save even more time.

On some versions of Ubuntu (16.04 at least), the container deletes all the downloads upon every run of apt-get update, so that must be disabled

  • apt Caching on Ubuntu 16.04
  1. ---
  2. driver:
  3.   name: dokken
  4.   volumes:
  5.   # saves the apt archives outside of the container
  6.   - /var/cache/apt/archives/:/var/cache/apt/archives/
  8. platforms:
  9. - name: ubuntu-16.04
  10.   driver:
  11.     image: dokken/ubuntu-16.04
  12.     pid_one_command: /bin/systemd
  13.     intermediate_instructions:
  14.       # prevent APT from deleting the APT folder
  15.       - RUN rm /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/docker-clean

Chef cache

When chef converges kitchen-dokken populates /opt/kitchen/ with the chef and test kitchen data required to converge. By default this directory is cleared out at the end of every run. One of the subdirectories of /opt/kitchen/ is the chef cache directory. For cookbooks that download significant amounts of data from the network, i.e. many remote_file calls, this can make subsequent converges unnecessarily slow.
If you would like the chef cache to be preserved between converges add clean_dokken_sandbox: false to the provisioner section of kitchen.yml. The default value is true.

  1. provisioner:
  2.   name: dokken
  3.   clean_dokken_sandbox: false

Using dokken-images

While the intermediate_instructions directive is a fine hack around the
minimalist image issue, it remains exactly that: A hack. If you
work on a lot of cookbooks you will find yourself copying around
boilerplate to get things working. Also, it’s slow. Running
apt-get update and
installing iproute2
all the time is a huge bummer.

To solve this, we maintain the
dokken-images collection
of fat images that you can find pushed to Docker Hub. The package list aims to make sure things like ohai
function in a reasonable way and doing a kitchen login yields a
useful environment for debugging. They’re hosted on the Docker cloud
and are rebuilt every day to keep the package metadata fresh.

To use them, simply prefix a distro with “dokken/“ in the image
name. Unfortunately, you’ll still have to specify pid_one_command (for
the time being).

  1. - name: ubuntu-16.04
  2.   driver:
  3.     image: dokken/ubuntu-16.04
  4.     pid_one_command: /bin/systemd
  5.   run_list:
  6.   - recipe[whatever::recipe]

If you have your own mirror of Docker Hub, or you are using a registry other
than Docker Hub, you can tell Dokken to always pull from a different registry
by setting docker_registry under driver:

  1. driver:
  2.   docker_registry: docker.sample.com

If you do this, it must have access to the dokken images for the platforms you
want to test as well as the centos image that is used for the dynamic
testing image.

Tmpfs on /tmp

When starting a container with an init system, it will often mount a tmpfs into /tmp. When this happens, it is necessary to specify a root_path for the verifier if using traditional Bats or Serverspec. This is due to Docker bind mounting the kitchen data before running init. This is not necessary when using Inspec.

  1. verifier:
  2.   root_path: '/opt/verifier'
  3.   sudo: false

Install Chef Infra Client from current channel

Chef publishes all functioning builds to the Docker Hub,
including those from the “current” channel. If you wish to use pre-release versions of Chef, set your chef_version value to “current”. If you need to test older versions of chef-client that are not available on docker hub as chef/chef, you can overwrite chef_image under the driver context to a custom image name such as someara/chef.

Chef Infra Client options

It is possible to pass several extra configs to configure the chef binary and options, for example
to use older versions that do not have the “-z” switch or to get some debug logging.

  1. provisioner:
  2.   chef_binary: /opt/chef/bin/chef-solo
  3.   chef_options: ""
  4.   chef_log_level: debug
  5.   chef_output_format: minimal
  6.   profile_ruby: true

Disable pulling platform Docker images

To test a locally built image without pulling it first, one can disable
pulling of platform images, which will avoid pulling images that already
exist locally.

  1. driver:
  2.   name: dokken
  3.   pull_platform_image: false

Disable pulling chef Docker images

To skip the pulling of the Chef Docker image unless it doesn’t exist locally:

  1. driver:
  2.   name: dokken
  3.   pull_chef_image: false

Testing for Slow Resources in Cookbooks

You can enable the slow resource report at the end of the run in Chef Infra Client 17.2 or later with the slow_resource_report config option:

  1. provisioner:
  2.   slow_resource_report: true

Testing without Chef

Containers that supply a no-op binary which returns a successful exit status can be tested without requiring Chef Infra to actually converge.

  1. verifier:
  2.   name: inspec
  4. platforms:
  5.   - name: alpine
  6.     driver:
  7.       image: alpine:latest
  8.     provisioner:
  9.       chef_binary: /bin/true

Controlling container memory

By default the memory limit of the containers you run is unbound (or limited by the Docker client on OSX). If however you need to constrain the container memory allocation you can set a memory limit in bytes on the driver:

  1. driver:
  2.   name: dokken
  3.   memory_limit: 2147483648 # 2GB

Adding hostname aliases

You can set the hostname_aliases parameter to create additional hostnames that will resolve to the container:

  1. driver:
  2.   name: dokken
  3.   hostname_aliases:
  4.     - foo

IPv6 Networking

You can set the ipv6 parameter to enable IPv6 networking on the dokken Docker network. Additionally, the ipv6_subnet parameter can be used to determine the subnet the network should use.

  1. driver:
  2.   name: dokken
  3.   ipv6: true
  4.   ipv6_subnet: "2001:db8:1::/64"  # "2001:db8::/32 Range reserved for documentation"

This parameter should be considered a global setting for all dokken containers since dokken does not update the dokken network once it’s been created. It is not recommend to use this parameter within suites.

You can check to see if IPv6 is enabled on the dokken network by seeing if the following command returns true:

  1. docker network inspect dokken --format='{{.EnableIPv6}}'

If the command returns false, we recommend you delete the network and allow dokken to recreate it with IPv6.

To allow IPv6 Docker networks to reach the internet IPv6 firewall rules must be set up. The simplest way to achieve this is to update Docker’s /etc/docker/daemon.json to use the following settings. You will need to restart the docker daemon after making these changes.

  1. {
  2.   "experimental": true,
  3.   "ip6tables": true
  4. }

Some containers require the ip6table_filter kernel module to be loaded on the host system or ip6tables will not function on the container (Centos 7 for example). To check if the module is loaded use the command

  1. sudo lsmod | grep ip6table_filter

. If there is no output than the module is not loaded and should be loaded using the command

  1. modprobe ip6table_filter

Private Docker Registries

If the registry is private, you can configure the credentials that are required to authenticate the private docker registry in creds_file configuration.

  1. platforms:
  2.   - name: centos-7
  3.     driver:
  4.       image: reg/centos-7
  5.       creds_file: './creds.json'

And the creds.json file may look like this:

  1. {
  2.    "username": "org_username",
  3.    "password": "password",
  4.    "email": "email@org.com",
  5.    "serveraddress": "https://registry.org.com/"
  6. }

Docker config file auth

Instead of using a creds_file, you can read authentication information from your docker config at ~/.docker/config.json

  1. platforms:
  2.   - name: centos-7
  3.     driver:
  4.       image: quay.io/example/centos:7
  5.       docker_config_creds: true

And your ~/.docker/config.json would have an auth section for your private registry:

  1. {
  2.   "auths": {
  3.     "quay.io": {
  4.       "auth": "<base64 encoded username:password>"
  5.     }
  6.   }
  7. }

Additionally, you can use Docker credential helpers

  1. platforms:
  2.   - name: centos-7
  3.     driver:
  4.       image: 1234-cloud-registry.example.com/centos:7
  5.       docker_config_creds: true

and your docker config has

  1. {
  2.   "credHelpers": {
  3.     "1234-cloud-registry.example.com": "example-cloud"
  4.   }
  5. }

Then kitchen-dokken will run the docker-credential-example-cloud command to get the credentials.

FAQ

What about kitchen-docker?

We already had a thing that drives Docker, why did you make this instead of modifying that?

The current kitchen-docker driver ends up baking SSH, Chef, and the kitchen data
into the image. This does not. To make this work, I had to create a Driver, a Transport,
and a Provisioner that blur the traditional duties of each. The current Docker driver
can be used with Puppet, Ansible, CFEngine provisioners. This requires Chef.

See “Kitchen-Docker or Kitchen-Dokken? Using Test Kitchen and Docker for fast cookbook testing” for a more detailed comparison.

How can I use kitchen to automatically test and publish containers?

Right now there is no kitchen publish mechanism. See this issue.

You can, however, do it manually.

  1. cd my_cookbook ;
  2. kitchen verify suite_name
  3. docker stop suite_name
  4. docker tag suite_name:latest my.computers.biz:5043/something/whatever
  5. docker push my.computers.biz:5043/something/whatever
  6. kitchen destroy